I ndicating universal ideas, a theme is the main idea of a literary work. It is often expressed indirectly, and it can be emphasized by symbols and recurring motifs throughout a work. Authors generally state multiple themes and use various ways to present them in their works — such as through conversations, feelings of a character towards the subject of work, events happening in a narrative, and so on. Sometimes, some literary works are alike in terms of their themes even if they were produced at different times and settings. Lord Of The Flies and The Outsiders can be given as examples of this situation. These two novels, having both similarities and differences in the style of expression, show the defects of society to readers by establishing connections with human nature. INHERENT EVIL OF HUMAN NATURE: TENDENCY FOR VIOLENCE AND LOSS OF INNOCENCE Firstly, the novels have similarities in terms of a tendency for violence and loss of innocence issues. In Lord Of the Flies, although the b
Writers use different ways in their narrations so that they can enrich their literary works. Two of these ways are characterization and focalization. Characterization is an act in which a character’s physical appearance and personality are described. Moreover, how a character acts, thinks, or speaks can enrich characterization. There are two types of characterization, direct (characterization through telling), and indirect (characterization through showing). Straightforwardly using language, a writer or another character in the same narration can tell features of a character, which is the direct way of characterization. However, a writer can also use a subtler way to introduce a character in a narration, which is the indirect way of characterization. In this way of characterization, a writer uses a character’s own thoughts, manners, speeches, and so on for showing the features of that character. In narration, indirect characterization requires more active engagement than direct charac